“I
cannot tell you that Hitler took Austria by tanks and guns; it would
distort history.
If
you remember the plot of the Sound of Music, the Von Trapp family
escaped over the Alps rather than submit to the Nazis. Kitty wasn’t
so lucky. Her family chose to stay in her native Austria. She was 10
years old, but bright and aware. And she was watching.
“We
elected him by a landslide – 98 percent of the vote,” she
recalls.
She
wasn’t old enough to vote in 1938 – approaching her 11th
birthday. But she remembers.
“Everyone
thinks that Hitler just rolled in with his tanks and took Austria by
force.”
No
so.
Hitler
is welcomed to Austria
“In
1938, Austria was in deep Depression. Nearly one-third of our
workforce was unemployed. We had 25 percent inflation and 25 percent
bank loan interest rates.
Farmers
and business people were declaring bankruptcy daily. Young people
were going from house to house begging for food. Not that they didn’t
want to work; there simply weren’t any jobs.
“My
mother was a Christian woman and believed in helping people in need.
Every day we cooked a big kettle of soup and baked bread to feed
those poor, hungry people – about 30 daily.’
“We
looked to our neighbor on the north, Germany, where Hitler had been
in power since 1933.” she recalls. “We had been told that they
didn’t have unemployment or crime, and they had a high standard of
living.
“Nothing
was ever said about persecution of any group – Jewish or otherwise.
We were led to believe that everyone in Germany was happy. We wanted
the same way of life in Austria. We were promised that a vote for
Hitler would mean the end of unemployment and help for the family.
Hitler also said that businesses would be assisted, and farmers would
get their farms back.
“Ninety-eight
percent of the population voted to annex Austria to Germany and have
Hitler for our ruler.
“We
were overjoyed,” remembers Kitty, “and for three days we danced
in the streets and had candlelight parades. The new government opened
up big field kitchens and
everyone
was fed.
“After
the election, German officials were appointed, and, like a miracle,
we suddenly had law and order. Three or four weeks later, everyone
was employed. The government made sure that a lot of work was created
through the Public Work Service.
“Hitler
decided we should have equal rights for women. Before this, it was a
custom that married Austrian women did not work outside the home. An
able-bodied husband would be looked down on if he couldn’t support
his family. Many women in the teaching profession were elated that
they could retain the jobs they previously had been required to give
up for marriage.
“Then
we lost religious education for kids
“Our
education was nationalized. I attended a very good public school..
The population was predominantly Catholic, so we had religion in our
schools. The day we elected Hitler (March 13, 1938), I walked into my
schoolroom to find the crucifix replaced by Hitler’s picture
hanging next to a Nazi flag. Our teacher, a very devout woman, stood
up and told the class we wouldn’t pray or have religion anymore.
Instead, we sang ‘Deutschland, Deutschland, Uber Alles,’ and had
physical education.
“Sunday
became National Youth Day with compulsory attendance. Parents were
not pleased about the sudden change in curriculum. They were told
that if they did not send us, they would receive a stiff letter of
warning the first time. The second time they would be fined the
equivalent of $300, and the third time they would be subject to
jail.”
And
then things got worse.
“The
first two hours consisted of political indoctrination. The rest of
the day we had sports. As time went along, we loved it. Oh, we had so
much fun and got our sports equipment free.
“We
would go home and gleefully tell our parents about the wonderful time
we had.
“My
mother was very unhappy,” remembers Kitty. “When the next term
started, she took me out of public school and put me in a convent. I
told her she couldn’t do that and she told me that someday when I
grew up, I would be grateful. There was a very good curriculum, but
hardly any fun – no sports, and no political indoctrination.
“I
hated it at first but felt I could tolerate it. Every once in a
while, on holidays, I went home. I would go back to my old friends
and ask what was going on and what they were doing.
“Their
loose lifestyle was very alarming to me. They lived without religion.
By that time, unwed mothers were glorified for having a baby for
Hitler.
“It
seemed strange to me that our society changed so suddenly. As time
went along, I realized what a great deed my mother did so that I
wasn’t exposed to that kind of humanistic philosophy.
“In
1939, the war started, and a food bank was established. All food was
rationed and could only be purchased using food stamps. At the same
time, a full-employment law was passed which meant if you didn’t
work, you didn’t get a ration card, and, if you didn’t have a
card, you starved to death.
“Women
who stayed home to raise their families didn’t have any marketable
skills and often had to take jobs more suited for men.
“Soon
after this, the draft was implemented.
“It
was compulsory for young people, male and female, to give one year to
the labor corps,” remembers Kitty. “During the day, the girls
worked on the farms, and at night they returned to their barracks for
military training just like the boys.
“They
were trained to be anti-aircraft gunners and participated in the
signal corps. After the labor corps, they were not discharged but
were used in the front lines.
“When
I go back to Austria to visit my family and friends, most of these
women are emotional cripples because they just were not equipped to
handle the horrors of combat.
“Three
months before I turned 18, I was severely injured in an air raid
attack. I nearly had a leg amputated, so I was spared having to go
into the labor corps and into military service.
“When
the mothers had to go out into the work force, the government
immediately established child care centers.
“You
could take your children ages four weeks old to school age and leave
them there around-the-clock, seven days a week, under the total care
of the government.
“The
state raised a whole generation of children. There were no motherly
women to take care of the children, just people highly trained in
child psychology. By this time, no one talked about equal rights. We
knew we had been had.
“Before
Hitler, we had very good medical care. Many American doctors trained
at the University of Vienna..
“After
Hitler, health care was socialized, free for everyone. Doctors were
salaried by the government. The problem was, since it was free, the
people were going to the doctors for everything.
“When
the good doctor arrived at his office at 8 a.m., 40 people were
already waiting and, at the same time, the hospitals were full.
“If
you needed elective surgery, you had to wait a year or two for your
turn. There was no money for research as it was poured into
socialized medicine. Research at the medical schools literally
stopped, so the best doctors left Austria and emigrated to other
countries.
“As
for healthcare, our tax rates went up to 80 percent of our income.
Newlyweds immediately received a $1,000 loan from the government to
establish a household. We had big programs for families.
“All
day care and education were free. High schools were taken over by the
government and college tuition was subsidized. Everyone was entitled
to free handouts, such as food stamps, clothing, and housing.
“We
had another agency designed to monitor business. My brother-in-law
owned a restaurant that had square tables.
“Government
officials told him he had to replace them with round tables because
people might bump themselves on the corners. Then they said he had to
have additional bathroom facilities. It was just a small dairy
business with a snack bar. He couldn’t meet all the demands.
“Soon,
he went out of business. If the government owned the large businesses
and not many small ones existed, it could be in control.
“We
had consumer protection, too
“We
were told how to shop and what to buy. Free enterprise was
essentially abolished. We had a planning agency specially designed
for farmers. The agents would go to the farms, count the livestock,
and then tell the farmers what to produce, and how to produce it.
“In
1944, I was a student teacher in a small village in the Alps. The
villagers were surrounded by mountain passes which, in the winter,
were closed off with snow, causing people to be isolated.
“So
people intermarried and offspring were sometimes retarded. When I
arrived, I was told there were 15 mentally retarded adults, but they
were all useful and did good manual work.
“I
knew one, named Vincent, very well. He was a janitor of the school.
One day I looked out the window and saw Vincent and others getting
into a van.
“I
asked my superior where they were going. She said to an institution
where the State Health Department would teach them a trade, and to
read and write. The families were required to sign papers with a
little clause that they could not visit for 6 months.
“They
were told visits would interfere with the program and might cause
homesickness.
“As
time passed, letters started to dribble back saying these people died
a natural, merciful death. The villagers were not fooled. We
suspected what was happening. Those people left in excellent physical
health and all died within 6 months. We called this euthanasia.
“Next
came gun registration. People were getting injured by guns. Hitler
said that the real way to catch criminals (we still had a few) was by
matching serial numbers on guns. Most citizens were law-abiding and
dutifully marched to the police station to register their firearms.
Not long afterwards, the police said that it was best for everyone to
turn in their guns. The authorities already knew who had them, so it
was futile not to comply voluntarily.
“No
more freedom of speech. Anyone who said something against the
government was taken away. We knew many people who were arrested, not
only Jews, but also priests and ministers who spoke up.
“Totalitarianism
didn’t come quickly, it took 5 years from 1938 until 1943, to
realize full dictatorship in Austria. Had it happened overnight, my
countrymen would have fought to the last breath. Instead, we had
creeping gradualism. Now, our only weapons were broom handles. The
whole idea sounds almost unbelievable that the state, little by
little eroded our freedom.”
“This
is my eyewitness account.
“It’s
true. Those of us who sailed past the Statue of Liberty came to a
country of unbelievable freedom and opportunity.
“America
is truly is the greatest country in the world. “Don’t let freedom
slip away.
“After
America, there is no place to go.”
Kitty
Werthmann
*
If you think it can't happen here, you aren't paying attention.